Gender Inequalities: Women Researchers Require More Knowledge in Specific and Experimental Topics

Gender inequalities in science have long been observed globally. Studies have demonstrated it through survey data or published literature, focusing on the interests of subjects or authors; few, however, examined the manifestation of gender inequalities on researchers' knowledge status. This study analyzes the relationship between regional and gender identities, topics, and knowledge status while revealing the female labor division in science and scientific research using online Q&A from researchers. We find that gender inequalities are merged with both regional-specific characteristics and global common patterns. Women's field and topic distribution within fields are influenced by regions, yet the prevalent topics are consistent in all regions. Women are more involved in specific topics, particularly topics about experiments with weaker levels of knowledge and they are of less assistance. To promote inequality in science, the scientific community should pay more attention to reducing the knowledge gap and encourage women to work on unexplored topics and areas

Numerical Simulation of the Bottom Hole Flow Field of Particle Impact Drilling

It is very difficult to obtain the bottom hole fluid field of particle impact drilling though theoretical and experimental method. A method of numerical simulation was used to study the bottom hole fluid field of particle impact drilling, and it has been proved a good way to interpret particle impact process. The numerical model and computing method was used for solve the problem. It was predicted that five fluid areas were in the bottom hole fluid field by the simulation results. The changed law of the bottom hole pressure field and velocity field by altering different parameter was worked out, and the motion curve of the particles was also obtained. The result of the numerical simulation can provided more material for increasing the efficiency of particle impact and optimizing the bottom hole fluid field of particle impact drilling.Key words: Bottom hole fluid field; Numerical simulation; Pressure and velocity field; Numerical model; Particle impac